|The basilica of Montmartre|
The Sacred Heart Basilica, known as “Basilique du Sacré-Cœur” in French, is one of the most iconic landmarks in Paris. Perched atop the picturesque Montmartre hill, it offers not only a stunning place of worship but also breathtaking panoramic views of the city.
Historical context of the Sacred Heart
Visiting the Sacred Heart Basilica in Paris is not only a chance to admire its architectural beauty but also an opportunity to experience a spiritual side of Paris.
During the Third Republic
The inspiration for Sacré-Cœur’s design originated on 4 September 1870, the day of the proclamation of the Third Republic. A speech by Bishop Fournier attributed the defeat of French troops during the Franco-Prussian War to a divine punishment after “a century of moral decline” since the French Revolution.
The “Bloody Week” and lost war
Moreover, there were the secular uprising of the Paris Commune of 1870-1871. In fact, The Paris Commune was crushed during the “Bloody Week” from May 21 to 28, 1871, during which nearly 20,000 Communards found death. Furthermore, there was the subsequent 1871 defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War for Napoleon III and the second empire.
Schism between the Catholics and the new order
In the wake of the division in French society, there was a schism between devout Catholics and legitimist royalists on one side, and democrats, secularists, socialists, and radicals on the other. This schism in the French social order became particularly pronounced after in 1870.
Why the Sacred Heart Basilica ?
The idea for the Sacred Heart Basilica Paris was born after the fall of the Second French Empire :
- In the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War lost by the French under Napoleon III in the late 19th century
- On September 20, 1870, when Piedmontese troops of Italian King Victor-Emmanuel entered in Rome
- The “Bloody Week” from May 21 to 28, 1871 by Versailles army and Aldolf Thiers
A Symbol of National Repentance
The Basilica’s origins lie in a difficult period for France. The idea for its construction emerged after France’s devastating defeat in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71. This defeat, along with the bloody Paris Commune uprising, left the nation in disarray, grappling with internal divisions and a sense of lost unity.
Two prominent French Catholics, Alexandre Legentil and Hubert Rohault de Fleury, proposed the idea of building a basilica dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus as an act of national penance and spiritual renewal. They saw the Basilica as a way for France to seek forgiveness and rediscover its moral grounding. Furthermore, it was a way to support pope Pie IX. In 1873, the National Assembly approved the project, thus beginning the journey toward creating the Sacré-Cœur.
A Monument of Faith in a Secularizing France
By the late 19th century, France was increasingly embracing secularism, with a growing divide between religious and secular values. The Basilica was designed to reaffirm the role of Catholicism in French identity and culture. Built as a “Vow of the Nation” (Vœu National), it was intended to stand as a visible reminder of faith and religious devotion, overlooking Paris from the highest point in the city.
Consequently, in October 1870, the French Catholics and the French Catholic church, called the “Eldest daughter of the Church”, decided to the consecration of Paris diocese to the Sacred Heart. They wanted to carry out a revolution in order to find its place in the shadow of modernity. The Basilica’s dedication to the Sacred Heart of Jesus was also significant. This devotion represented compassion, love, and divine mercy, values that the church hoped would inspire unity among the French people and heal the wounds of the recent conflicts.
Desire to Support the Pope
Furthermore, it was a way to support pope Pie IX. Indeed, Italian King Victor Emmanuel II seized the opportunity presented by the downfall of Napoleon III to advance Italy’s unification. With Napoleon III’s defeat in 1870, the French military could no longer protect the Papal States, which had served as the pope’s secular territory. King Victor Emmanuel II, determined to unify the Italian peninsula completely, saw this moment as the perfect chance to incorporate Rome into the Kingdom of Italy.
In September 1870, Italian troops marched into Rome, effectively ending Pope Pius IX’s temporal authority over the city and the remaining Papal territories. Despite Pope Pius IX’s resistance and his declaration that he was a “prisoner” in the Vatican, the occupation went forward, and Rome was declared the capital of the unified Italy. This act concluded centuries of papal control over central Italian territories, known as the Papal States, and solidified Victor Emmanuel II’s role as the king of a fully unified Italy.
The pope’s loss of temporal power over Rome marked a significant shift, leading to a strained relationship between the Catholic Church and the Italian state for decades. This conflict would eventually be resolved with the signing of the Lateran Treaty in 1929, which established Vatican City as an independent sovereign state and provided the pope with a new, although significantly smaller, territory to govern independently.
Sacred Heart Basilica in Paris Location
The site of Montmartre was not chosen by accident. Montmartre has a long history as a sacred place in Paris, even before the construction of the Basilica. In fact, its name, Montmartre, comes from “Mount of Martyrs,” referring to Saint Denis, the patron saint of Paris, who was believed to have been martyred there in the 3rd century.
In addition to its historical significance, Montmartre also provided a highly visible location. Standing at 130 meters high (426 foot), the hill was a strategic point from which the Basilica could look out over Paris. The choice to build the Sacré-Cœur here reinforced its purpose as a spiritual “beacon” over the city, with a message of hope and devotion.
Sacred Heart Basilica Paris architecture
The architect Paul Abadie
Sacred Heart Basilica Paris was designed by the architect Paul Abadie and constructed between 1875 and 1914. The first stone was laid on June 6, 1875. The basilica was totally finished in 1935. The architectural style is a blend of Romano-Byzantine influences, characterized by its white domes and intricate mosaics.
- June 6th 1875 : First stone
- August 1st 1885 : Definitive establishment of day and night Eucharistic adoration
- November 20th 1895 : Bell named la Savoyarde offered by the region of Savoy, Annecy
- October 16th 1919 : Definitive consecration
- June 4th 2010 – July1st 2011 : Jubilee of 125 years of continuous Eucharistic adoration, day and night
The basilica is situated in the Montmartre neighborhood of Paris, at the highest point in the city. Indeed, Top of Montmartre is at 130 meters high. This location makes it visible from many parts of Paris, and its hilltop perch is a popular spot for tourists and locals alike.
The white stone from Château-Landon
Inaugurated in 1919, the Sacré Cœur basilica was built with stone from Château-Landon. This stone the travertine (white rock with extremely fine grain) comes from the quarries of Souppes sur Loing, located in the south of the Seine-et-Marne department (77). It is this same stone which was used in the construction of the Arc de Triomphe and the Alexandre III bridge. The most astonishing characteristic of this stone, apart from its resistance, is that it whitens under the influence of rain. Indeed, upon contact with water, it secretes a white substance, cullet. This flows along the walls then hardens in the sun. This is how the basilica cleans itself every time it rains!
Sacred Heart Basilica Paris Inside Mosaïc
Inside, the basilica is adorned with stunning artwork and religious symbols. The grand mosaic of Christ in Majesty in the apse is particularly impressive. Visitors can also explore the crypt, which houses various chapels and a small museum. Inside, the apse ceiling is decorated with the largest mosaic in France, covering an area of 473.78 m2.
The mosaïc is designed by Luc-Olivier Merson and executed from 1918 to 1922 by the Guilbert-Martin workshops. The mosaïc represents the Sacred Heart of Jesus glorified by the Catholic Church and France. At its base we can read a phrase in Latin meaning: “To the Most Holy Heart of Jesus, fervent, penitent and grateful France”. The word “penitent”, often misinterpreted, has no political connotation here. It is a recognition of the sin of men as the source of the misfortunes and sufferings of humanity, and the expression of the desire to return to God. The word “grateful” was added after the First World War.
The Mosaïc choir
The choir on which is figuratively represented the Holy Trinity (above Christ, dove of the Holy Spirit and face of the Father who holds and blesses the world). In two rows, there are the Saints who are particularly linked to the Sacred Heart of Jesus (on the left) and the Saints of France (on the right).
Around Jesus in the mosaïc choir, at different scales, a whole world of worshipers is represented, including the Saints who protect France. Indeed, the Virgin Mary and Saint Michael, Saint Joan of Arc, as well as France personified offering her crown and Pope Leo XIII offering the world. On each side, in two rows under golden architecture, the homage of the Church (on the left) and of France (on the right) to the Sacred Heart.
-
Left bottom of Jesus – Catholic Church’s tribute:
Starting from the left, we see Pope Clement XIII who instituted the feast of the Sacred Heart, then Pope Pius IX who extended it to the universal Church, finally, Pope Leo XIII (holding up the globe) consecrating the genre human at the Sacred Heart. He is followed by characters symbolizing the five continents.
-
Right bottom of Jesus- Catholic France’s tribute:
Starting from the right, various historical events linking France to the Sacred Heart are evoked: the vow of Marseilles during the plague of 1720; the vow of the Temple with Louis XVI and the royal family (1792); the National Vow with Generals de Sonis and Charrette carrying the banner of the Sacred Heart (1870); the initiators of the Vow, Mr. Legentil and Mr. Rohault de Fleury (1871); the rapporteur of the bill before the National Assembly (1873); the cardinals of Paris (Card. Guibert, Richard, and Amette) who collaborated in the construction and beautification of the Basilica.
-
The Church of Heaven (upper left):
St Peter, St John, St Paul, St Ignatius of Antioch, St Agnes, St Augustine, St Dominic, St Francis of Assisi, St Ignatius of Loyola, St Gertrude, St Catherine of Siena, Ste Rose of Lima, St. Teresa of Avila.
-
The French Church of Heaven (upper right):
St Lazare of Marseille, Ste Mary Magdalene and Ste Marthe, St Denis, St Martin, Ste Geneviève, St Bernard, St Louis, St François de Sales, St Vincent de Paul, Ste Marguerite-Marie, St Jean -Eudes, Ste Madeleine-Sophie Barrat.
The Sacred Heart Basilica Paris Organ
The grand pipe organ of the Sacred Heart Basilica Paris is considered to be one of the greatest in Europe. Built in 1898, it is the last great instrument built by the illustrious Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.
In fact, it was originally commissioned by Baron Albert de l’Espée for his castle in Biarritz. He wanted the best available, regardless of expense. He sold the organ a few years later to Charles Mutin, Cavaillé’s successor. The Basilica acquired it in 1919.
The Savoyarde Bell of Sacred Heart Basilica Paris
The resonant tolling of a church bell, echoing through the tranquil air, has long been a symbol of spirituality and devotion. Among the many remarkable church bells in the world, the Sacred Heart Basilica Bell holds a unique and revered place. It is the largest bell in the world, at least among those that can swing. It weighs 19 tons. Its tonality, that of the low C, is very characteristic. It was offered by the 4 dioceses of Savoy and melted in 1895 in Annecy by the Paccard company, whose fame dates from that time.
Made in France
The story of the Sacred Heart Basilica Bell begins in the late 19th century when the renowned French foundry, Paccard company, was commissioned to create a bell that would become an integral part of the newly constructed Sacred Heart Basilica in Paris. This monumental undertaking aimed to craft a bell that would not only serve its liturgical purpose but also resonate with the deep spirituality of the basilica’s design.
The artisans at Paccard foundry poured their heart and soul into the creation of this exceptional bell, La Savoyarde. Using time-honored techniques, they melted down bronze and carefully cast the bell’s form. The result was a bell that not only possessed exquisite acoustic qualities but also bore intricate religious motifs, making it a true work of art for the Sacred Heart Basilica, in Paris.
Unique musical experience
The Sacred Heart Basilica Bell was not just a functional object. Indeed, it creates a unique musical experience. Its resonant tones, when rung, filled the basilica and its surroundings with an otherworldly harmony, inspiring awe and reverence among the faithful. For generations, the bell has served as a call to prayer. Its melodious chimes have beckoned parishioners to gather for Mass, marking the passage of time in a sacred rhythm. The sound of the bell has a way of transcending the mundane, elevating the spirits of those who hear it.
Throughout its long history, the Sacred Heart Basilica Bell has endured the tests of time. It withstood the trials of Massacre of the Religious of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart by the Communards, the bloody crushing of the Communards by the Versaillese, two world wars, bearing witness to the tumultuous events of the 20th century. Its enduring presence served as a beacon of hope and a reminder of unwavering faith during these trying times.
Religious Significance of the Sacred Heart in Paris
The basilica is a place of worship, and it’s dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. It holds religious services regularly, and many pilgrims visit the basilica for spiritual purposes. The Sacred Heart Basilica is easily accessible via public transportation. You can take the funicular railway or climb the stairs to reach the top of Montmartre. The basilica is open daily, but check the opening hours before your visit. If you plan to enter the basilica, please remember that it is a place of worship, and respectful attire is required. This means covering shoulders and knees.
Adèle Garnier (August 15, 1838 – June 17, 1924, Tyburn near London) is a French nun (in religion Mother Marie of Saint-Pierre), founder in 1898 of the congregation of the Benedictines of the Sacré-Cœur of Montmartre. The charism of the congregation of our congregation, the Benedictines of the Sacred Heart of Montmartre, is part of the spiritual movement that resulted in the construction of the Sacred Heart. Officially a congregation on March 4, 1898, the community of the first sisters adopted the rule of Saint Benedict at the Chapter of 1914 and became of pontifical right when the first constitutions were approved in 1930.
John-Paul II visiting The Sacred Heart Basilica Paris
June 1st 1980, Pope John Paul II entered the basilica
Acclaimed on the forecourt of Montmartre by a considerable crowd June 1st 1980, Pope John Paul II entered the basilica around midnight, ascended to the choir, prostrated himself for a long time before the exposed Blessed Sacrament and joined in the prayers of the adorers; after which he goes to the ambo to read the meditation.
It is your task to be the sentinels of the morning who announce the arrival of the sun, which is the resurrected Christ. The light of which Jesus speaks in the Scriptures is the light of faith, a gift from God, which brightens up the heart and enlightens mind. The personal encounter with Christ sheds new light on our lives, puts us on the right path and commits us to bearing witness to him. The new way of looking at the world and our fellow man, which comes from Him, allows us to penetrate more deeply the mystery of faith, which is an experience to assimilate, a truth to live, the salt and light of reality. (John-Paul II)
Before leaving the basilica to give his blessing on the city of Paris, John-Paul II adds in substance.
“I confess to you that this visit is a privileged moment for me and for my whole life”
He then recommends to the prayers of worshipers “the Church and the whole world”. We come here to encounter the Heart pierced for us, from which water and blood flow. It is redeeming love, which is at the origin of salvation, of our salvation, which is at the origin of the Church. We come here to contemplate the love of the Lord Jesus: his compassionate goodness for all during his earthly life; his favorite love for the little ones, the sick, the afflicted. Let us contemplate his heart burning with love for his Father, in the fullness of the Holy Spirit. Let us contemplate his infinite love, that of the eternal Son, which leads us to the very mystery of God.
Saint Marguerite and the Sacred Heart of Jesus
Saint Marguerite-Marie Alacoque (1647-1690) had a particular devotion to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Inspired by Christ, Marguerite-Marie established the practice of the Holy Hour. It consists of praying, lying on the ground. To face to the ground from eleven o’clock in the evening until midnight on the first Thursday of each month. In order to share the mortal sadness that Christ endured in his Agony on one hand. On the other hand, to receive Communion the next day.
Marguerite Alacoque, sister Marguerite-Marie in religion, born July 22, 1647 in Verosvres, a small village in Burgundy and died October 17, 1690 in Paray-le-Monial, was a nun of the Order of the Visitation, mystic and inspiration of the cult of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and recognized as a saint by the Catholic Church. She was beatified in 1864, then canonized in 1920, and her feast day is October 16. There is a dedicated chapel to Sainte Marguerite on the East of the basilica.
Sanctuary of Eucharistic Adoration
The Sacred Heart Basilica in Montmartre is a Sanctuary of Eucharistic Adoration and Divine Mercy. Since August 1st – 1885, the silent adoration before the exposed Blessed Sacrament is a continuous intercession for the Church. It is a true presence of Jesus Christ among us. Moreover, it is also for the whole world, and an everlasting source of grace, light and peace. One may come at any time to pray in silence before the Blessed Sacrament on display. Every day, the Basilica is open to all from 6 am to 10.30 pm. At night (between 10.30 pm and 6 am) only persons for night adoration may remain in the Basilica.
In the Holy Eucharist we celebrate the ever new and active presence of the one sacrifice of the cross. Redemption is an eternally present event, indissolubly linked to the very intercession of the Savior. With the Holy Eucharist, we commune with Christ himself, the unique priest and unique host. He draws us into the movement of his offering and his adoration. In fact, He who is the source of all Grace. In the Holy Eucharist – this is also the meaning of perpetual adoration – we enter into this movement of love from which all interior progress and all apostolic effectiveness flows. If you want to spend a night of Adoration in the Sacred Heart Basilica, contact me.
The basilica is in the Montmartre neighborhood of Paris, at the highest point in the city. This location makes it visible from many parts of Paris, and its hilltop perch is a fabulous spot for travelers and Parisians alike.
Montmartre Sacred Heart Basilica Paris
After exploring the basilica, be sure to wander around the charming Montmartre neighborhood. It’s famous for its artistic heritage, including being home to many famous artists. The Place du Tertre is a square where you can find local artists displaying their work. Watching the sunset from the steps of the Sacred Heart Basilica is a popular activity. The view as the sun sets over Paris is truly magical.
Just over a century ago, Montmartre hosted a perfect storm of artistic creativity and avant-garde thinking. Located on the highest hill of Paris, the Basilica of the Sacred Heart is the emblematic monument of Montmartre hill. The site is very touristy but offers a pleasant environment. There are cabarets and artists who lived here such as Suzanne Valadon, Toulouse-Lautrec, Renoir, Van Gogh, Picasso, Marcel Aymé, Dalida, Edith Piaf… but also by the catholic Faith with Saint Pierre de Montmartre church from the 12th century and the Crypte du Martyrium de Saint-Denis.
Montmartre hill had orchards (verger, arbres fruitiers), vineyards, thatched cottages (chaumières). About 30 windmills and its Royal Abbey of the Benedictine Religious would cover Montmartre. Nowadays, its spirit is the one of a village. Montmartre is the rooftop of Paris. Indeed, it is the highest point from the natural ground at 130.53 meters or 426 ft. This beautiful bohemian neighborhood is full of history and famous artists from writers, singers, dancers to painters. You may catch those free spirits here. Every year in October, you have the Montmartre Feast of the harvest to celebrate an authentic Parisian wine.
Beyond The Sacred Heart Basilica
PARIS BY EMY offers customizable Paris tour guide combinations that allow you to combine different types of experiences.
- Walking Paris private tour guide
- Tour with Private driver Paris
- Driving private tour outside Paris
- Driving tours with driver only
- Paris Museum guide
Ask me for a Montmartre private tour. If you want to pursue a spiritual experience in Paris ask about Christian Tours in Paris.
Emy,